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Burmese
The formation of the Chinese community in Southeast Asia began during the Han Dynasty when transportation and business transactions were developed between China and Southeast Asian countries. At that time, the oversea Chinese went to Southeast Asia mainly purposed to trade and earn a living. Since the time of Zheng He's voyage to the West, the Southeast Asian region has shown different directions of development of the oversea Chinese at different times.
在歷史上，緬甸人與澳門的關係建立，主要由緬甸華僑架構起這一橋樑。東南亞華僑社會的形成，始於漢代時中國與東南亞各國的交通往來。彼時東南亞華僑以出洋貿易和謀生為主。自鄭和下西洋時期，東南亞地區在不同時期顯示了不同的華僑發展方向。
It was not until the 1960s and 1970s that the Southeast Asian region was plagued by wars and anti-Chinese riots in many countries. In Burma, Anti-Chinese riots took place on 26 and 27 June 1967 (the name ‘Burma’ changed to ‘Myanmar’ in 1989) Thereafter, the Burmese Chinese community, having suffered great loss of life and property, political persecution and cultural and educational destruction, moved by air to Macau via Hong Kong or mainland China, in order to escape the war and rebuild their homes. Until now, the Burmese Chinese have occupied a part of the social structure of Macao. Now half a century after the riots, there are still Burmese and Burmese Chinese who travel to Macau to make a living due to the decline in economy caused by the Burmese epidemic, the threat to life and safety arising from the epidemic, and the domestic border control policies.
直到二十世紀六七十年代，東南亞地區戰爭頻繁，多個國家發生排華暴動。緬甸在1967年6月26日和27日發生了反華暴動。此後，緬甸的華人社區遭受了巨大的生命和財產損失、政治迫害以及文化和教育的破壞，便乘坐飛機經香港或中國大陸輾轉遷徙到澳門定居，以逃避戰亂，重建家園。直到現在，緬甸華人已佔據了澳門社會結構中的一部分。如今距離排華事件已過去半個世紀，仍有緬甸人和緬甸華人因緬甸疫情導致的經濟水準下降，疫情產生的生命安全威脅，國內的邊境管控政策，前往澳門謀生。
Communuity & Place
When the anti-Chinese riots in Myanmar occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, the Burmese Chinese, who were the main target of migration, concentrated in the area of Sam Chan Dang. Until now, Sam Chan Dang is still the densest concentration of Burmese and Burmese Chinese in Macao.
當21世紀60至70年代發生了緬甸的反華暴亂，以緬甸華人為主要遷移對象，集中居住在三盞燈區域。直到現在，三盞燈仍然是澳門最密集的緬甸人和緬甸華人聚集地。
In Sam Chan Dang, the Burmese and Burmese Chinese solve their basic living needs, including working, grocery shopping, and having diets. In the centre circle area of Sam Chan Dang, there is a high Burmese and Burmese Chinese concentration for relaxation and recreation. Moreover, some Burmese and Burmese Chinese would go to Hac Sa beach to have entertainment with the other oversea Chinese who came from south-east Asia. With the Burmese Chinese community gradually settling down and stabilising in Macao, several Burmese Chinese families have gradually moved outside of the Sam Chan Dang area, including Areia Preta near the Sam Chan Dang.
緬甸人在三盞燈地區解決他們的基本生活需求，包括上學、工作、買菜和飲食。在三盞燈的中心圈區域，有大量的緬甸人在這裡休閒和娛樂。此外，一些緬甸人還會去黑沙海灘，與其他來自東南亞的華僑一起進行娛樂活動。隨著緬甸華人社區在澳門逐漸穩定下來，一些緬甸華人家庭也逐漸搬到了三盞燈以外的地區，包括靠近三盞燈的黑沙環區域。
In terms of Burmese and Burmese Chinese gathering places, apart from the place of residence in Sam Chan Dang, there are different manifestations in cultural space. The Macao Myanmar Overseas Chinese Water Festival is a contemporary representation of the Myanmar Water Festival (Thingyan) based on immigration culture. This festival immigrated and held in Macao, also can be considered a carnival. It is not only held in the Sam Chan Dang where Burmese and Burmese Chinese gather for living activities but is also tour along a tourist route covering multiple destinations in the Macao peninsula and Taipa. For instance, the Macao Myanmar Overseas Chinese Water Festival will also be held in Kwong Foo Street, Hac Sá Park in Coloane and Macau Fisherman's Wharf.
就缅华与缅甸人的聚集地而言，除了在三盏灯的居住地以外，在文化空间上则有不一样的体现。澳门缅华泼水节是一个因移民文化而起的缅甸泼水节当代表达。这个迁移并在澳门开展的节日，也可以被视作是一个嘉年华。它不仅是在缅甸人和缅甸华人的活动聚集区三盏灯举办，同时也会依照跨越多个目的地，覆盖澳门半岛和氹仔的旅游路线进行巡游。澳门缅华泼水节还会在光复街、路环的黑沙公园、渔人码头举办。
Custom & Language
Since there are a large number of Burmese Chinese had immigrated to Macao around the 1960s, this population had stay in Macao for decades years. The languages used by this ethnic group in Macao do not only remain the original language which is the Burmese language, but also extend to using Cantonese and Mandarin to adapt to the Macao society. The adaptation of the Burmese language in real-life covers the daily conversation in Chinese Burmese families, the conversation between the Burmese workers and communication with the Burmese customers, in the small-scale commercial settings (restaurants, notion stores, repair stores, etc.), and singing and dancing performances in the Burmese festival held in Macao.
由於在1960年代有大量的緬甸華人移民到澳門，這些人在澳門停留了幾十年。所以這個民族在澳門使用的語言不僅僅是原來使用的緬甸語，並延伸到使用粵語和普通話來適應澳門社會。緬甸語在現實生活中的運用場景包括緬甸華人、緬甸人家庭的日常對話、小規模商業場所（如餐館、概念店、維修店等）的緬甸工人之間，與緬甸顧客的交流，以及在澳門舉行的緬甸特色節日中的歌舞表演。
Beyond the language used by the Burmese, the intangible culture that is attributed to Burmese includes customs, for example, the Burmese Water Splashing Festival. With the large population of Burmese can be identified as Burmese Chinese, the name of the festival has transformed into ‘Chinese Burmese Water Splashing Festival’.
除了緬甸人使用的語言，緬甸人的非物質文化還包括文化習俗，例如，緬甸潑水節。隨著緬甸人的大量人口中，有大部分為緬甸華人，該節日的名稱在澳門則轉變為“緬華潑水節"。
‘Chinese Burmese Water Splashing Festival’
緬華潑水節
Compared to the new year celebration in China, which is Spring Festival from January to February, the Burmese celebrate the new year in the Burmese Water Festival in April. As Burmese Chinese has settled in the Sam Chan Dang in Macao since 1960s, the Chinese Burmese Mutual Aid Association of Macao has organized the Chinese Burmese Water Splashing Festival for more than 20 years. Unfortunately, due to the fluctuation of COVID-19 in Macao, the Burmese Water Splashing Festival didn’t hold since the occurrence of COVID-19.
與中國的新年慶祝活動，即1月至2月的春節相比，緬甸人在4月的緬甸潑水節上慶祝新年。由於緬甸華人自1960年代起就定居在澳門的三盞燈，澳門緬華互助會舉辦中國緬甸人潑水節已有20多年的歷史。遺憾的是，由於新冠疫情在澳門的波動，緬甸潑水節在疫情發生後便沒有再舉辦。
The festival activities include tourism trade promotion, tourism photo exhibition, float parade, blessing parade, Myanmar and Southeast Asian food and culture street, ethnic singing and dancing performance, salon photography and large-scale water splashing carnival. Through organizing this event, it is supposed to build connection with the returned overseas Chinese and their relatives living in Macao; in line with the government mission of building Macao into a world tourism and leisure city, and add new cultural elements.
節日活動包括旅遊貿易推介、旅遊攝影展、花車巡遊、祈福巡遊、緬甸及東南亞美食文化街、民族歌舞表演、沙龍攝影、大型潑水狂歡等。通過舉辦這次活動，進一步建立了歸國華僑和他們在澳門的親屬的聯繫；配合政府把澳門建設成世界旅遊休閒城市的任務，並增加新的文化元素。
Significance
With a high concentration of Burmese and Chinese Burmese in the area of Sam Chan Dang, the Chinese Burmese is a vital component for developing the intangible cultural elements (lifestyle, festivals) in this district, and thereby influence the urban activities, especially small-scale commercial activities (catering industry, processing and manufacturing industry), spatial setting (restaurant, snack shop) and institutions (Chinese Burmese Mutual Aid Association of Macao ) in Sam Chan Dang.
由於緬甸人和中國緬甸人在三盞燈地區高度集中，中國緬甸人是發展該地區非物質文化元素（生活方式、節日）的重要組成部分，從而影響到三盞燈的城市活動，特別是小型商業活動（餐飲業、加工和製造業）、空間設置（餐館、小吃店）和機構（澳门缅华互助會）。
Risk & Protection
With the impact of COVID, the Chinese Burmese Water Splashing Festival didn’t hold these years, which originated from an important festival in Myanmar to celebrate the new year. Hence, this festival is at risk of continued closure in Macao due to the presence of the epidemic, which leads to a loss of memory, destruction of sustaining Burmese culture and opportunity to promote Burmese ethnic cohesion in Macao. Moreover, some of the Chinese Burmese showed a negative attitude toward cultural promotion and inheritance due to the epidemic.
在疫情的影響下，緬華潑水節這幾年並沒有舉行，這個節日起源於緬甸慶祝新年的一個重要節日。因此，由於疫情的存在，這個節日在澳門有繼續關閉的風險，這導致了文化記憶的喪失，破壞了維持緬甸文化和在澳門促進緬甸民族凝聚力的機會。此外，由於疫情原因，部分華裔緬甸人對文化推廣和傳承表現出消極的態度。
To protect the cultural diversity of the Chinese Burmese ethnic, the Chinese Burmese Mutual Aid Association of Macao could conduct more effective and up-to-date actions, including holding cultural promotion activities, and social networking activities to engage the Chinese Burmese community and promote the ethnic culture.
為了保護緬甸民族的文化多樣性，澳門緬華互助會可實行更有效和時效性的行勤，包括攀辨文化推介活勤，以及組織社交活勤，鑲緬甸華人參輿其中，宣傳民族文化。